Which of the following best describes self-talk?

• A. Self-talk is when you talk to others to guide teamwork.
• B. Self-talk is a form of external conversation.
• C. Self-talk is only used by older children.
• D. Self-talk is talking to oneself to guide actions.

Answer: (D)

Self-talk is the internal dialogue you use to guide your own actions as you work on something. It can be spoken aloud or kept in your mind, and its purpose is to help you plan, regulate, and adjust what you’re doing. That’s why the best description is talking to oneself to guide actions—it captures the idea of using language to direct behavior without involving others.

For example, a child might say, “I can do this if I take it step by step,” or silently remind themselves to “slow down and be careful.” This self-guidance supports focus, problem-solving, and self-control.

The other options describe talking with others or being limited to older children, which isn’t what self-talk refers to. Self-talk isn’t about external conversation with teammates or peers, nor is it restricted by age.